Writing a foo.isNil.or(foo[\bar]!="tor")

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That’s because you haven’t provided a function - try this:

if (~x.isNil or: { ~x.a != "xx" }) { "No XX".postln } { "XX".postln };

or in your syntax:

~x.isNil.or({~x[\a]!="xx"}).if({"No XX"},{"XX"});

although I find the above version to be much clearer (it’s pretty much the standard idiom for writing conditional checks and appears throughout the standard library). Note the curly brackets/braces. Sclang also has special conditional execution operators (?, ?? and !?) for simple nil checks.

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